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1.
Rev. bras. anestesiol ; 68(6): 584-590, Nov.-Dec. 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-977398

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background: Adequate preoperative fasting is critical in preventing pulmonary aspiration of gastric content. We proposed to study the sonographic gastric content dynamics after the ingestion of liquid or solid food in healthy volunteers and confront it with current guidelines for preoperative fasting times. Methods: We performed a prospective, crossover, evaluator-blinded study involving 17 healthy volunteers of both sexes. Each participant fasted for 10 h and was subjected to a baseline gastric ultrasound, intake of 400 mL of coconut water or a 145 g, 355 kcal meat sandwich, and sonographic gastric evaluations after 10 min and every hour until the stomach was completely empty. Results: At baseline, all subjects had an empty stomach. At 10 min, gastric content [mean + standard deviation (SD)] was 240.4 + 69.3 and 248.2 + 119.2 mL for liquid and solid foods, respectively (p > 0.05). Mean + SD gastric emptying times were 2.5 + 0.7 and 4.5 + 0.9 h for liquid and solid foods, respectively (p < 0.001). For the drink, the stomach was completely empty in 59% and 100% of the subjects after two and four hours, and for the sandwich, 65% and 100% of the subjects after four and seven hours, respectively. Conclusions: Sonographic gastric dynamics for coconut water and a meat sandwich resulted in complete gastric emptying times higher and lower, respectively, than those suggested by current guidelines for preoperative fasting.


Resumo Justificativa: O jejum pré-operatório adequado é fundamental para prevenir a aspiração pulmonar do conteúdo gástrico. Nossa proposta foi avaliar a dinâmica ultrassonográfica do conteúdo gástrico após a ingestão de alimentos líquidos ou sólidos em voluntários sadios e confrontá-la com as diretrizes atuais para os períodos de jejum no pré-operatório. Métodos: Um estudo prospectivo, cruzado e avaliador-cego foi feito com 17 voluntários saudáveis de ambos os sexos. Cada participante jejuou por 10 horas e foi submetido a uma ultrassonografia gástrica na fase basal, ingestão de 400 mL de água de coco ou 355 g de sanduíche de carne e avaliações gástricas ultrassonográficas foram feitas após 10 minutos e a cada hora até o estômago estar completamente vazio. Resultados: Na fase basal, todos os participantes estavam com o estômago vazio. Aos 10 minutos, o conteúdo gástrico [média + desvio-padrão (DP)] foi de 240,4 + 69,3 e 248,2 + 119,2 mL para alimentos líquidos e sólidos, respectivamente (p > 0,05). Os tempos médios de esvaziamento gástrico + DP foram de 2,5 + 0,7 e 4,5 + 0,9 horas para alimentos líquidos e sólidos, respectivamente (p < 0,001). Para a bebida, o estômago ficou completamente vazio em 59% e 100% dos sujeitos após duas e quatro horas; para o sanduíche, o estômago ficou completamente vazio em 65% e 100% dos sujeitos após quatro e sete horas, respectivamente. Conclusões: A dinâmica ultrassonográfica do volume gástrico para água de coco e sanduíche de carne resultou em tempos totais de esvaziamento gástrico maiores e menores, respectivamente, do que os sugeridos pelas diretrizes atuais para o jejum pré-operatório.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Stomach/physiology , Stomach/diagnostic imaging , Beverages , Eating/physiology , Gastric Emptying/physiology , Gastrointestinal Contents/diagnostic imaging , Meat , Organ Size , Reference Values , Stomach/anatomy & histology , Time Factors , Prospective Studies , Ultrasonography , Cocos , Cross-Over Studies
2.
Rev. bras. anestesiol ; 67(4): 376-382, July-aug. 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-897739

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background and objectives: The current preoperative fasting guidelines allow fluid intake up to 2 h before surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the gastric volume of volunteers after an overnight fast and compare it with the gastric volume 2 h after ingestion of 200 and 500 mL of isotonic solution, by means of ultrasound assessment. Method: Eighty volunteers underwent gastric ultrasound at three times: after 8 h of fasting; 2 h after ingestion of 200 mL isotonic saline, followed by the first scan; and on another day, 2 h after ingestion of 500 mL of the same solution after an overnight fast. The evaluation was quantitative (antrum area and gastric volume, and the ratio of participants' gastric volume/weight) and qualitative (absence or presence of gastric contents on right lateral decubitus and supine positions. A p-value < 0.05 was considered significant). Results: There was no difference in quantitative variables at measurement times (p > 0.05). Five volunteers (6.25%) had a volume/weight over 1.5 mL kg-1 at fasting and 2 h after ingestion of 200 mL and 6 (7.5%) after 500 mL. Qualitatively, the presence of gastric fluid occurred in more volunteers after fluid ingestion, especially 500 mL (18.7%), although not statistically significant. Conclusion: Ultrasound assessment of gastric volume showed no significant difference, both qualitative and quantitative, 2 h after ingestion of 200 mL or 500 mL of isotonic solution compared to fasting, although gastric fluid content has been identified in more volunteers, especially after ingestion of 500 mL isotonic solution.


Resumo Justificativa e objetivos: As diretrizes recentes de jejum pré-operatório permitem a ingestão de líquidos até 2 horas antes da cirurgia. O objetivo do presente estudo foi, por meio de ultrassonografia gástrica, avaliar o volume gástrico de voluntários após jejum noturno e comparar com o volume gástrico duas horas após a ingestão de 200 e 500 ml de solução isotônica. Método: Foram submetidos à ultrassonografia gástrica 80 voluntários em três momentos: após jejum de 8 horas; 2 horas após a ingestão de 200 ml de solução isotônica, seguida do primeiro exame; e, em outro dia, 2 horas após a ingestão de 500 ml da mesma solução, após jejum noturno. A avaliação foi quantitativa (área do antro e volume gástricos e relação volume gástrico/peso dos participantes) e qualitativa, pela ausência ou presença de conteúdo gástrico nas posições de decúbito lateral direito e supina. Foi considerado significante p < 0,05. Resultados: Não houve diferença nas variáveis quantitativas nos três momentos estudados (p > 0,05). Cinco voluntários (6,25%) apresentaram um volume/peso superior a 1,5 ml.kg-1 em jejum e 2 horas após a ingestão de 200 ml e seis (7,5%) após 500 ml. Qualitativamente, a presença de líquido gástrico ocorreu em mais voluntários após a ingestão de líquidos, principalmente de 500 ml (18,7%), embora sem significância estatística. Conclusão: O volume gástrico pela ultrassonografia não apresenta diferença significativa tanto qualitativa quanto quantitativa, 2 horas após a ingestão de 200 ml ou de 500 ml de solução isotônica em comparação com o jejum, embora conteúdo líquido gástrico tenha sido identificado em mais voluntários, principalmente após a ingestão de 500 ml de solução isotônica.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Stomach/anatomy & histology , Stomach/diagnostic imaging , Isotonic Solutions/administration & dosage , Organ Size , Stomach/physiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Prospective Studies , Ultrasonography , Eating
3.
Arq. gastroenterol ; 54(1): 33-36, Jan.-Mar. 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-838818

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND Abbreviation of preoperative fasting to 2 hours with maltodextrin (CHO)-enriched beverage is a safe procedure and may enhance postoperative recovery. Addition of glutamine (GLN) to CHO beverages may include potential benefits to the metabolism. However, by adding a nitrogenous source to CHO beverages, gastric emptying may be delayed and increase the risk of bronchoaspiration during anesthesia. OBJECTIVE In this study of safety, we aimed at investigating the residual gastric volume (RGV) 2 hours after the intake of either CHO beverage alone or CHO beverage combined with GLN. METHODS We performed a randomized, crossover clinical trial. We assessed RGV by means of abdominal ultrasonography (US) in 20 healthy volunteers (10 males and 10 females) after an overnight fast of 8 hours. Then, they were randomized to receive 600 mL (400 mL immediately after US followed by another 200 mL 2 hours afterwards) of either CHO (12.5% maltodextrin) or CHO-GLN (12.5% maltodextrin plus 15 g GLN). Two sequential US evaluations were done at 120 and 180 minutes after ingestion of the second dose. The interval of time between ingestion of the two types of beverages was 2 weeks. RESULTS The mean (SD) RGV observed after 8 hours fasting (13.56±13.25 mL) did not statistically differ (P>0.05) from the RGV observed after ingesting CHO beverage at both 120 (16.32±11.78 mL) and 180 minutes (14.60±10.39 mL). The RGV obtained at 120 (15.63±18.83 mL) and 180 (13.65±10.27 mL) minutes after CHO-GLN beverage also was not significantly different from the fasting condition. CONCLUSION The RGV at 120 and 180 minutes after ingestion of CHO beverage combined with GLN is similar to that observed after an overnight fast.


RESUMO CONTEXTO A abreviação do jejum pré-operatório com solução enriquecida com maltodextrina é segura, recomendada por sociedades de anestesiologia e acelera a recuperação pós-operatória. A associação de glutamina à maltodextrina resultaria em benefícios metabólicos, porém, esta associação pode alterar o volume do resíduo gástrico e consequentemente risco de broncoaspiração. OBJETIVO Avaliaremos, usando a ultrassonografia, o volume residual gástrico em jejum de 8 horas e após 120 e 180 minutos da ingestão de solução de maltodextrina isolada ou associada a 15 g de glutamina. MÉTODOS Estudo clínico, randomizado, duplo cego e cruzado. Vinte voluntários saudáveis, sendo 10 do sexo masculino e 10 do sexo feminino, foram submetidos a seguinte sequência de avaliação, independente da solução usada. Os voluntários foram avaliados em jejum de 8 horas, 120 e 180 minutos após a ingestão da solução de maltodextrina 12,5% e 120 e 180 após a ingestão da solução de maltodextrina 12,5% mais 15 g de glutamina. RESULTADOS Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os volumes obtidos após jejum de 8 horas (13,56 mL) e os obtidos após 120 (16,32 mL) e 180 minutos (14,60 mL) da ingestão da solução de maltodextrina 12,5% (P>0,05). Para a solução enriquecida com glutamina, os volumes obtidos após 120 minutos (15,63 mL) e 180 minutos (13,65 mL) também não demostraram diferença estatisticamente significativa quando comparados ao jejum (P>0,05). CONCLUSÃO O volume residual gástrico após 120 e 180 minutos da ingestão das soluções de maltodextrina a 12,5% isolada ou associada a 15 g de glutamina é semelhante ao observado em jejum.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Polysaccharides/administration & dosage , Stomach/ultrastructure , Gastric Emptying/physiology , Glutamine/administration & dosage , Polysaccharides/pharmacokinetics , Reference Values , Stomach/physiology , Time Factors , Beverages , Random Allocation , Double-Blind Method , Cross-Over Studies , Healthy Volunteers , Glutamine/pharmacokinetics
4.
ABCD (São Paulo, Impr.) ; 28(4): 231-233, Nov.-Dec. 2015. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-770253

ABSTRACT

Background : The jejunal pouch interposition between the gastric body and the duodenum after the gastrectomy, although not frequent in the surgical practice today, has been successfully employed for the prevention and treatment of the postgastrectomy syndromes. In the latter, it is included the dumping syndrome, which affects 13-58% of the patients who undergo gastrectomy. Aim : Retrospective assessment of the results of this procedure for the prevention of the dumping syndrome. Methods : Fourty patients were selected and treatetd surgically for peptic ulcer, between 1965 and 1970. Of these, 29 underwent vagotomy, antrectomy, gastrojejunalduodenostomy at the lesser curvature level, and the 11 remaining were submitted to vagotomy, antrectomy, gastrojejunal-duodenostomy at the greater curvature level. The gastro-jejuno-duodenal transit was assessed in the immediate or late postoperative with the contrasted study of the esophagus, stomach and duodenum. The clinical evolution was assessed according to the Visick grade. Results : Of the 40 patients, 28 were followed with the contrast evaluation in the late postoperative. Among those who were followed until the first month (n=22), 20 (90%) had slow gastro-jejuno-duodenal transit and in two (10%) the transit was normal. Among those who were followed after the first month (n=16), three (19%) and 13 (81%) had slow and normal gastric emptying, respectively. None had the contrasted exam compatible with the dumping syndrome. Among the 40 patients, 22 underwent postoperative clinical evaluation. Of these, 19 (86,5%) had excellent and good results (Visick 1 and 2, respectively). Conclusions : The jejunal pouch interposition showed to be a very effective surgical procedure for the prevention of the dumping syndrome in gastrectomized patients.


Racional : A interposição de alça jejunal entre o corpo gástrico e o duodeno após a antrectomia, apesar de pouco frequente na prática cirúrgica atual, tem sido empregada com sucesso na prevenção e tratamento das síndromes pós-gastrectomias. Entre estas se inclui a síndrome de dumping, que acomete 13-58% dos pacientes gastrectomizados. Objetivo : Avaliação retrospectiva dos resultados desse procedimento na prevenção da síndrome de dumping. Métodos : Foram selecionados 40 pacientes todos encaminhados para tratamento cirúrgico de úlcera cloridropéptica entre 1965 e 1970. Destes, 29 foram submetidos à vagotomia, antrectomia, gastrojejunoduodenostomia no nível da pequena curvatura, e os 11 restantes à vagotomia, antrectomia, gastrojejunoduodenostomia no nível da grande curvatura. O trânsito gastrojejunoduodenal foi avaliado no pós-operatório imediato ou tardio por meio do estudo contrastado de esôfago, estômago e duodeno. A evolução clínica no pós-operatório foi avaliada segundo a classificação de Visick. Resultados : Dos 40 pacientes, 28 foram acompanhados com o estudo contrastado no pós-operatório tardio. Entre aqueles de até o 1º mês de pós-operatório (n=22), 20 (90%) apresentaram o trânsito gastrojejunoduodenal lento e dois (10%) tiveram o trânsito normal. Entre os que puderam ser acompanhados após o 1º mês (n=16), três (19%) e 13 (81%) mostraram o esvaziamento gástrico lento e normal, respectivamente. Nenhum apresentou o estudo contrastado compatível com a síndrome de dumping. Entre os 40 doentes, 22 foram submetidos à avaliação clínica pós-operatória. Destes, 19 (86,5%) apresentaram excelentes e bons resultados (Visick 1 e 2, respectivamente). Conclusões : A interposição de alça jejunal mostrou-se procedimento cirúrgico bastante eficaz na prevenção da síndrome de dumping em pacientes gastrectomizados.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Dumping Syndrome/prevention & control , Duodenum/physiology , Duodenum/surgery , Gastrointestinal Transit , Jejunum/physiology , Jejunum/surgery , Stomach/physiology , Stomach/surgery , Anastomosis, Surgical , Dumping Syndrome/etiology , Gastrectomy/adverse effects , Retrospective Studies
6.
Gastroenterol. latinoam ; 20(1): 40-48, ene.-mar. 2009. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-563777

ABSTRACT

El cerebro regula la homeostasis energética en respuesta a señales del tracto gastrointestinal y adiposo. La vía de ingesta y el gasto energético se ajustan constantemente, manteniéndose así el peso de manera estable. La ghrelina es una hormona peptídica que estimula el apetito actuando a nivel del núcleo arquato, región conocida por controlar la ingesta de alimento. Se secreta desde el estómago y circula en el plasma bajo condiciones de ayuno. Su regulación depende de varios mecanismos como son, hormonas, control autonómico, nutrientes sanguíneos y el ejercicio. Además la ghrelina juega un rol importante para mantener la secreción de la hormona de crecimiento. Se analizan cambios observados en varias patologías gastroduodenales.


The brain regulates energy homeostasis in response to signals from both adipose and the gastrointestinal tract. The drive to eat and energy expenditure are adjusted so that over time, body weight remains stable. Ghrelin is a peptide hormone that stimulates appetite by acting on the arquate nucleus, a region known to control food intake. It is secreted from the stomach and circulates in the bloodstream under fasting conditions. Its regulation depends on a variety of mechanisms such as, hormones, autonomic control, bloodstream nutrients and exercise. Ghrelin also play an important role in growth hormone release. Ghrelin changes observed in several gastro duodenal disorders are analyzed.


Subject(s)
Humans , Digestive System Diseases/physiopathology , Stomach/physiology , Ghrelin/physiology , Obesity/physiopathology , Appetite Regulation/physiology
7.
Arq. gastroenterol ; 44(2): 162-167, abr.-jun. 2007. ilus, graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-465719

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Surgical options for morbid obesity are diverse, and the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, initially described by Fobi has gained popularity. Knowledge about the physiology of the bypassed stomach is limited because this newly produced segment of the stomach is inaccessible to endoscopic or contrast radiological studies. AIM: To evaluate the myoelectric activity of the bypassed stomach and its reply to the feeding. METHODS: An experimental protocol was conducted to evaluate postoperative gastric bypassed motility in dogs submitted to the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass procedure. Two groups of five animals were studied on postoperative fasting and after a standard meal, recording electrical response and control activity. Both control and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass operated study group had a pair of electrodes placed on three points of the remaining stomach: fundus, body and antrum. Data registration was performed after complete ileus resolution, and analysed with DATA Q Inst. series 200. RESULTS: The results achieved on the conditions of this study suggest that: 1. the remaining stomach maintain the same pattern of motility; 2. there is a reduced fasting electromyography activity following the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass procedure; 3. significantly reduced fasting electric control activity when compared both groups, and a markedly reduced fasting response electric activity and; 4. the electric response to the feeding kept the same standard of the stomach, however in a statistically reduced way. CONCLUSION: The electrical activity of the bypassed stomach of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass procedure kept the same pattern but in a statistically reduced number of contraction.


RACIONAL: Dentre a grande diversidade de opções cirúrgicas para obesidade mórbida, a gastroplastia vertical com reconstituição em Y-de-Roux, tornou-se extremamente popular. Dados concernentes à fisiologia do estômago excluído são limitados, desde que este segmento produzido pela cirurgia é inacessível a qualquer endoscopia ou para estudos de radiológicos de contraste. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a atividade de mioelétrica do estômago excluído e sua resposta à alimentação. MÉTODOS: Um protocolo experimental foi conduzido para avaliar no pós-operatório a motilidade do estômago excluído em cães submetidos ao procedimento de gastroplastia vertical com reconstituição em Y-de-Roux. Dois grupos de cinco animais foram estudados durante o período de jejum e pós-prandial, registrando-se a resposta elétrica e atividades de controle. Ambos, o grupo de controle e o grupo operado, receberam três pares de eletrodos colocado em três pontos do estômago excluso: fundo, corpo e antro. O registro de dados foi executado depois da completa resolução de íleo paralítico e analisado com DATAQ Inst série 200. RESULTADOS: Sob as condições deste estudo sugerem: 1. o estômago excluso mantém o mesmo padrão de motilidade; 2. a atividade elétrica de controle e a atividade elétrica de resposta foi significativamente reduzida durante o jejum quando comparados ambos os grupos e 3. a atividade elétrica de resposta mantém os mesmos padrões do estômago normal, embora de maneira estatisticamente reduzida. CONCLUSÕES: A atividade elétrica do estômago excluso durante o procedimento de gastroplastia vertical com reconstituição em Y-de-Roux manteve o mesmo padrão do estômago íntegro, mas com número estatisticamente reduzido de contrações.


Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Female , Gastric Bypass , Gastrointestinal Motility/physiology , Stomach/surgery , Electric Stimulation , Electrodes , Electrophysiology , Stomach/physiology
8.
Acta cir. bras ; 22(1): 63-67, Jan.-Feb. 2007. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-440735

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To study the effect of 1,8 cineoleee components of the essencial oil of Croton nepetaefolius - plant of North-East of Brasil, used in the popular medicine for riots of the gastrointestinal tract - on the motor behavior of the gut of Wistar rats. METHODS: Used 16 male animals under jejun of 24h weighing 300-350g. The effect of 1.8 cineoleee (1 or 3mg/Kg) on gastric compliance had been lead in anaesthetized rats. The variations of the gastric volume (GV), had been measured by plethysmography, while AP, HR and CVP had been monitored continuously by a digital system of data acquisition. RESULTS: Observe reduction of the GV, which was significant on 30, 40, 50 and 60min after treatment (2.0±0.1; 1.9±0.1; 1.8±0.1 and 1.7±0.1mL, versus 2.1±0.2mL). The AP presented significant fall after the administration of 1.8 cineoleee, remaining thus during 60min of monitorization (87.9±7.7; 87.6±7.1; 87.9±6.4; 87.8±5.7; 86.0±5.5 and 87.7±6.0mmHg, respectively versus 94.4±6.2 mmHg), as well as the HR (366.3±13.4; 361.7±11.5; 357.3±10.4; 353.0±10.4; 348.3±11.1 and 350.4±13.7bpm, respectively versus 395.2±11.1bpm). The CVP did not suffer significant variations after treatment. CONCLUSION: Observe the 1.8 cineoleee reduces the gastric compliance in anaesthetized rats besides presenting effect hipotensor and bradicardic; probably for direct action on the gastrointestinal and vascular smooth muscel and moduling the autonomic nervous system.


OBJETIVO: Estudar o efeito do 1.8 cineol, componente do Cróton nepetaefolius (planta do Nordeste) comumente usada na medicina popular para distúrbios do trato gastrintestinal (TGI), sobre o comportamento motor do TGI de ratos Wistar anestesiados. MÉTODOS: Utilizamos 16 animais machos, pesando entre 300 a 350g. Os estudos de complacência gástrica foram conduzidos em animais sob jejum de 24h. As variações do volume gástrico (VG), foram medidas por pletismografia, enquanto a PA, FC e PVC foram monitoradas continuamente por um sistema digital de aquisição de dados. RESULTADOS: Observamos diminuição do VG, o qual foi significativo aos 30, 40, 50 e 60min após o tratamento com 1.8 cineol quando comparado ao perído basal (2,0±0,1; 1,9±0,1; 1,8±0,1 e 1,7±0,1mL, vs 2,1±0,2mL). A PA apresentou queda significativa após a administração de 1.8 cineol, mantendo-se assim durante os 60min de monitoração (87,9±7,7; 87,6±7,1; 87,9±6,4; 87,8±5,7; 86,0±5,5 e 87,7±6,0mmHg, respectivamente vs 94,4±6,2; mmHg), bem como a FC (366,3±13,4; 361,7±11,5; 357,3±10,4; 353,0±10,4; 348,3±11,1 e 350,4±13,7bpm respectivamente vs 395,2±11,1bpm). Já a PVC não sofreu variações significativas durante após o tratamento. CONCLUSÃO: O 1.8 cineol diminui a complacência gástrica em ratos anestesiados além de apresentar efeitos hipotensor e bradicárdico; provavelmente por ação direta sobre a musculatura lisa gastrintestinal e vascular e modulação do sistema nervoso autônomo.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Croton Oil/pharmacology , Cyclohexanols/pharmacology , Monoterpenes/pharmacology , Stomach/physiology , Analysis of Variance , Anesthesia, General , Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology , Blood Pressure/drug effects , Central Venous Pressure/drug effects , Compliance/drug effects , Gastric Balloon , Heart Rate/drug effects , Models, Animal , Plethysmography , Rats, Wistar , Time Factors
9.
Journal of Korean Medical Science ; : 57-62, 2007.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-226405

ABSTRACT

This study was designed to identify and characterize Na+ -activated K+ current (I(K(Na))) in guinea pig gastric myocytes under whole-cell patch clamp. After whole-cell configuration was established under 110 mM intracellular Na+ concentration ([Na+]i) at holding potential of -60 mV, a large inward current was produced by external 60 mM K+([K+] degree). This inward current was not affected by removal of external Ca2+. K+ channel blockers had little effects on the current (p>0.05). Only TEA (5 mM) inhibited steady-state current to 68+/-2.7% of the control (p<0.05). In the presence of K+ channel blocker cocktail (mixture of Ba2+, glibenclamide, 4-AP, apamin, quinidine and TEA), a large inward current was activated. However, the amplitude of the steadystate current produced under [K+]degree (140 mM) was significantly smaller when Na+ in pipette solution was replaced with K+ - and Li+ in the presence of K+ channel blocker cocktail than under 110 mM [Na+]i. In the presence of K+ channel blocker cocktail under low Cl- pipette solution, this current was still activated and seemed K+ -selective, since reversal potentials (E(rev)) of various concentrations of [K+]degree-induced current in current/voltage (I/V) relationship were nearly identical to expected values. R-56865 (10-20 microgram), a blocker of IK(Na), completely and reversibly inhibited this current. The characteristics of the current coincide with those of IK(Na) of other cells. Our results indicate the presence of IK(Na) in guinea pig gastric myocytes.


Subject(s)
Male , Female , Animals , Tetraethylammonium Compounds/pharmacology , Stomach/physiology , Sodium/metabolism , Potassium Channels/physiology , Potassium Channel Blockers/pharmacology , Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/physiology , Membrane Potentials , Guinea Pigs , Chlorides/pharmacology , Calcium/metabolism
10.
Gac. méd. Méx ; 142(1): 49-58, ene.-feb. 2006. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-571151

ABSTRACT

La obesidad se considera una de las enfermedades más importantes en la medida que acarrea gran morbilidad y mortalidad. El conocimiento de los mecanismos que intervienen en la saciedad, el peso corporal y el gasto de energía ha permitido el descubrimiento de hormonas relacionadas con el eje gastrohipotalámico, encargado de regular la saciedad y otros procesos que participan en la obesidad. La ghrelina, una hormona de secreción predominantemente gástrica, dio luz para comprender estos mecanismos, pues se trata de una hormona que regula la saciedad y el peso corporal por medio de mecanismos centrales mediados por el neuropéptido Y y la proteína relacionada con el agutí. En este artículo se revisan los aspectos fundamentales de esta hormona y de sus efectos en diversos órganos y sistemas.


Obesity is currently considered one of the most important diseases worldwide due to its high morbidity and mortality rates. The mechanisms involved in the control of satiation, body weight and energy expenditure has led to the discovery of new hormones that participate in the gastrichypothalamic axis in charge of regulating satiation and other obesity-related processes. Ghrelin a novel hormone secreted mainly by gastric tissue, has shed some light on this mechanism. It is a hormone that regulates satiation and body weight by centrally mediated mechanisms, involving neuropeptide Y and Agouti associated proteins. The present review focuses on some important physiological aspects of this hormone.


Subject(s)
Humans , Stomach/physiology , Hypothalamus/physiology , Peptide Hormones/physiology , Ghrelin , Satiation/physiology
11.
LMJ-Lebanese Medical Journal. 2006; 54 (4): 235
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-78918
12.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-342123

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: to describe the patterns of the gastric myoelectrical activity, pre-and postprandially, in clinically stable neonates of different gestational ages, during their first two weeks of life by means of Electrogastrography. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Electrogastrography was recorded in forty-five clinically stable neonates of different gestational ages (group I: 15 neonates of > 37 weeks, group II: 15 premature neonates of 32-37 weeks; Group III: 15 premature neonates of 28-31 weeks) receiving intermittent enteral feedings during their first two weeks of life. Electrogastrography recordings were performed for 1 hour pre-and postprandially. The Electrogastrography signal was recorded using the portable MicroDigitrapper Electrogastrography recording device and after motion artifacts were deleted, the remaining Electrogastrography data were submitted to quantitative analysis based on the "Running Spectrum Analysis". RESULTS: The percentages of normogastria, pre-and postprandially were greater than the percentages of gastric dysrythmias in all three studied groups. Furthermore, all neonates had the mean values of the Electrogastrography dominant frequency predominantly within the normogastria range, in both periods analyzed. There were no significant differences in the relative change of the Electrogastrography dominant power among the groups. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that the Electrogastrography patterns are similar between premature and full term neonates during the pre-and postprandial periods. The results of this study also indicate that the gastric myoelectrical activity in premature and full term neonates is immature, as compared to that described for older neonates, children and adults


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Electromyography/methods , Gastrointestinal Motility/physiology , Infant, Newborn/physiology , Infant, Premature/physiology , Stomach/physiology , Gestational Age , Myoelectric Complex, Migrating/physiology , Postprandial Period
13.
Rev. chil. anat ; 19(3): 259-262, 2001. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-310234

ABSTRACT

Se estudió la capacidad del estómago de conejos sin raza definida (SRD), con el objetivo de contribuir con el manejo nutricional de la especie estudiada. 30 conejos adultos (15 machos y 15 hembras) de 94 días de edad fueron sometidos a un mismo régimen alimentario y ambiental, posteriormente sacrificados y viscerados. Una vez retirados los estómagos, se procedió a preservar 3 cm de los extremos esofágicos y duodenal. Los órganos fueron vaciados, lavados e inmersos en un recipiente con agua a 38,5 §C, hasta que las presiones internas y externas se igualaron. Mediante pinzas Clamp fueron cerrados el cardias y el píloro, para determinar su capacidad volumétrica. Las medidas máxima y mínima fueron de 125,30 y 72,50 ml para los machos, y de 139.50 y 72.50 ml para las hembras, teniendo como media global 97,74 ml. No se observaron diferencias significativas relativas al sexo (5 por ciento)


Subject(s)
Animals , Rabbits , Stomach/physiology , Rabbits
14.
Med. interna Méx ; 16(3): 139-144, mayo-jun. 2000. ilus, CD-ROM
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-302974

ABSTRACT

La secreción gástrica, como cada una de las funciones de nuestro organismo, requiere de una compleja integración de mecanismos neurales y endocrinológicos. El nervio vago y el sistema nervioso entérico, así como tres diferentes tipos de células (G, D, ECL) participan en la regulación de la función gástrica. La histamina es el principal secretagogo y tanto la vía nerviosa como la gástrica controlan la secreción de la misma. Esta sustancia actúa en receptores H2 que están unidos a proteína Gs, la cual activa a la adenilciclasa para que produzca AMPc y excite a la proteincinasa-C, que a su vez fosforila a la H+/K+ ATPasa. En esta revisión analizamos estos mecanismos.


Subject(s)
Parietal Cells, Gastric/physiology , Stomach/physiology , Gastric Mucosa/physiology , Gastrin-Secreting Cells/physiology , Somatostatin-Secreting Cells
15.
Rev. Fac. Med. UNAM ; 43(2): 43-5, mar.-abr. 2000. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-286100

ABSTRACT

En 1824 se describe por primera vez un pólipo gástrico, pero hasta 1965 se logra diferenciar un pólipo gástrico de cualquier lesión prominente por Yamada Fukutomi. Los pólipos gástricos son hallazgos endoscópicos y radiológicos, ya que no dan síntomas. Se dividen en dos grupos, los hiperplásicos y los adenomatosos, la importancia de su diagnóstico es por la posibilidad de malignizarse.Se realizó un estudio prospectivo entre diciembre de 1996 y marzo de 1998. Se realizó panendoscopia a pacientes mayores de 15 años, que ameritaran este estudio por otro diagnóstico; se incluyeron a todos los pacientes que presentaban pólipos gástricos, se valoró el número de ellos, la localización, el tamaño, las características de la mucosa adyacente, y se realizó polipectomía.Durante el periodo de 16 meses, se realizaron 1,622 panendoscopias, dentro de las cuales se detectaron 30 pacientes con pólipos gástricos que corresponde a una frecuencia de 1.84 por ciento. Se encontraron 10 portadores masculinos y 20 femeninos, la edad más frecuente fue en la cuarta y sexta década de la vida, la localización más frecuente fue en el cuerpo gástrico 18 (60 por ciento), antro 9 (30 por ciento), fondo 3 (10 por ciento). Sólo en cinco pacientes se encontró pólipo único, en 25 fueron múltiples pero no más de cinco; en un 80 por ciento los pólipos eran sésiles. En cuanto al resultado histopatológico se encontró que de los 30 pacientes, 20 (66.6 por ciento) tenían gastritis crónica, cuatro (13.3 por ciento) eran pólipos hiperplásicos, tres (10 por ciento) tenían metaplasia intestinal, uno (3.6 por ciento) con gastritis folicular, otro (3.6 por ciento) con gastritis crónica sin atrofia y uno (3.6 por ciento) fue pólipo hamartomatoso.Comparando los resultados obtenidos en este estudio, podemos observar que la frecuencia en esta población no difiere de otras cifras publicadas. La localización más frecuente corresponde al sitio donde tienen menor posibilidad de malignizarse, y la edad más frecuente entre los 40 y 50, lo que hace mucho más importante el seguimiento.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Stomach/physiology , Polyps/surgery , Polyps/diagnosis , Polyps/epidemiology , Gastritis/complications , Stomach Diseases/complications
18.
Yonsei Medical Journal ; : 230-236, 2000.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-74163

ABSTRACT

Electrogastrography (EGG) is a method of measuring action potentials on the abdomen. It is noninvasive, inexpensive and easy to measure. However, the EGG signal has a very low frequency (0.05 Hz) and an extremely low amplitude (10-100 microV). Consequently, its measured waveform is difficult to analyze and it is not yet completely understood. In this study, a four-channel EGG measurement system was built to measure the action potential of the stomach. This system was compared with the commercially available one-channel Digitrapper EGG. The 3 cpm percentages were compared between the best channel of the four-channel system and channel 1, whose electrode position was similar to the commercially available one-channel system for normal subjects. The average 3 cpm percentage of the best channel and channel 1 for preprandial measurement was 89.5% and 83.2%, respectively, and this was statistically significant (p < 0.001). Also the average 3 cpm percentage of the best channel and channel 1 for postprandial measurement was 90.4% and 76.5%, respectively, and this was statistically significant (p = 0.003). From these results, it can be concluded that a multi-channel EGG system is required for better EGG measurement.


Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Action Potentials , Stomach/physiology
19.
Quito; s.n; oct. 1998. 94 p. graf, tab.
Thesis in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-249625

ABSTRACT

El objetivo fundamental de cualquier procedimiento aanestésico es mantener la homeostasia del paciente, frente a la posibilidad de que ocurr a durante la anestesia general regurgitación y broncoaspiración, complicaciones no frecuentes pero que ponen en peligro la vida del paciente. En el presente estudio se comparó la eficacia de la cisaprida y famotidina, administradas 2 horas antes de la inducción anestésica para disminuir el volumen y aumentar el pH gástrico. Para ello se tomó una muestra aleatoria simple de 90 pacientes procedentes del Hospital General de las Fuerzas Armadas, mayores de 18 años, sin patología gastrointestinal previa, ASA I-II, de ambos sexos, que fueron sometidos a colecistectomías electivas. Los pacientes se dividieron en 3 grupos: A) 30 que recibieron cisaprida 10 mg VO. B) 30 que recibieron famotidina 40 mg VO y grupo C) 30 control. Es un estudio descriptivo, controlado y experimental. Se analizaron las siguientes variables: pH y volumen gástrico, tensión arterial, frecuencia cardíaca y respiratoria, temperatura, y efectos secundarios de las drogas. La distribución de la muestra según el sexo fue: para el grupo control 80 por ciento varones y 20 por ciento mujeres, para los grupos cisaprida y famotidina fue de 72 por ciento varones y 28 por ciento mujeres; la distribución de la muestra según edad y peso fue de: grupo control 46.4 18.1 años y 59.8 8 kg, grupo cisaprida 42.1 16.6 años y 62 10.3 kg, grupo famotidina 45.3 17.4 años y 58.2 11.9 kg. Se encontró que la famotidina aumentó el pH gástrico con significancia estadística 0.05 y disminuyó el volumen gástrico en comparación con la cisaprida. No existieron efectos indeseables ni alteraciones hemodinámicas en ningún grupo. Recomendamos la famotidina como profilaxis de neumonítis por aspiración...


Subject(s)
Humans , Anesthesia, General , Cholecystectomy , Esophagus/anatomy & histology , Esophagus/embryology , Esophagus/physiology , Stomach/anatomy & histology , Stomach/physiology , Famotidine , Gallbladder/anatomy & histology , Gallbladder/physiology
20.
In. Douglas, Carlos Roberto. Patofisiologia oral: fisiologia normal e patológica aplicada a odontologia e fonoaudiologia. Säo Paulo, Pancast, 1998. p.1-16, ilus. (BR).
Monography in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: lil-246785
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